Babylon 5

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Fandom
Name: Babylon 5
Abbreviation(s): B5, Bab5
Creator: J. Michael Straczynski
Date(s): 1993 - 1998, 2002, 2007
Medium: television series, 6 movies
Country of Origin: United States
External Links: Babylon 5 at IMDb
Click here for related articles on Fanlore.

Babylon 5 is a science fiction television show that depicts the Babylon 5 space station, a neutral site meant to be a place where different planets and cultures could mingle and engage in non-violent diplomacy.

"Babylon 5" had a thriving internet-based fandom from its inception. The show's creator, J. Michael Straczynski (often referred to as "JMS"), was a pioneer in his online involvement with fans and fandom, and his intense presence in fandom spaces was the subject of much discussion.

Starting in 1993, JMS asked fans not to write "Babylon 5" fan fiction until the show was off the air.

For more about JMS and his involvement in fannish spaces, see Babylon 5 Fandom and The Powers That Be.

Canon

The show began as a test pilot movie on February 22, 1993, and then aired on television as a series beginning January 26, 1994.

It was designed to be a five-year show, with one overarching story arc. Unfortunately, the show was threatened with cancellation, so the story had to be awkwardly wrapped up by the end of year 4. As it turned out, the show was not cancelled, and a fifth season was quickly written. Many fans mourn the possibilities that an uninterrupted arc would have brought.

The universe has gone on in in several tie-in books and three short-lived spin-offs: the two television series Crusade (1999, cancelled after 13 episodes) and Legend of the Rangers (2002, cancelled after just the pilot), and the 2007 straight-to-DVD movie Babylon 5: The Lost Tales.

Babylon 5 Fandom

Babylon 5 has been a popular show at general science-fiction conventions, for panel discussions, interviews, episode screenings, and cosplay.

Some fans also fondly remember or still play Babylon 5's official roleplaying game, wargame, and collectible card game.

Fan communities for Babylon 5 often sprung up on message boards, such as the official Warner Brothers and TNT fan sites. Pathfinder, for example, had a dedicated Babylon 5 message board which hosted a long-running real-time round-table fanfiction roleplay, called the Babylon 5 Never-Ending Story (Add Your Own Twists!) With several dozen participants, the narrative evolved from a free-for-all wish-fulfillment into a more structured story with planning, plot, and character development. The Never-Ending Story survived the merging of the dedicated Babylon 5 board into the general Sci-Fi Television board, a switch to a different hosting site entirely, and finally petered out on a mailing list.

This robust fandom community, however, had declined by 2000. In 2012, it was eligible for Yuletide, a fanworks community for "small" fandoms. A fan in 2012 said:

Babylon 5 went off the air just before the explosion of the Internet. But in—I'd say—'95 through '97, Babylon 5 was generating as much fiction as X-Files was. There were authors in Babylon 5 with as much popularity as authors in X-Files had. The thing is, it was kept off the newsgroups because JMS was there. It was kept on private mailing lists. It was kept on private websites. Because they didn't want the exposure. And everything is gone. [snipped] ...there wasn't [ever a major B5 fiction archive]. There were a bunch of little ones. And it was a very divided community. So there was Dia's old archive, there was the general archive, which didn't archive adult stuff, there was the John/Delenn archive, there were a couple other archives. So it started as a very divided fandom. And possibly because so many people formed private little lists— and the thing is—I just sometimes look at this, and I'm like, I know there was as much fiction being generated in that fandom, and it is all gone. And I saw some things—and one of the things that has always prompted me to keep on with Gossamer, and to try to keep it going and to try to keep it going the best you can, is because I watched a fandom disappear.... By 2000, Babylon 5 was gone. [snipped] To tell you the truth, I think a lot of people thought that they'd be embarrassed, because JMS also was friends with a lot of these people [in fandom]. Like, you know, they knew him, and—because the fandoms were just a lot smaller back then, and JMS was "out" in fandom, and you know, he came to all the cons and stuff. And, like, I was on the adult fanfic list back then, which was just R and NC-17 stuff that other fanfic lists didn't allow to be posted. And they didn't want JMS to know there was slash being written, and so, you know, they're keeping it private. And I guess, we never had a fear about Chris Carter and X-Files, so we didn't care.[1]

For a good overview of the fandom, see On Spreading the Gospel of Babylon 5.

International Fandom

On its first run in syndication, Babylon 5 aired internationally anywhere from several months to a year behind its US schedule. This led to much disgruntlement among international fans who wanted to participate in online activities, which were often overwhelmed with American fans wanting to discuss the latest episode. To keep up with the show in countries where the it wasn't airing yet, fans often copied and circulated VHS tapes with episodes recorded and mailed by American fans.

During the Gulf War, the Pentagon contacted JMS to tell him that the show improved morale among troops and to request advance synopses for episodes so that they could keep up with the airing schedule.[2]

Babylon 5 Fandom Today

After over twenty years, the fandom is still going strong. Even though the younger generation of fans mostly prefers the more 'contemporary' fannish spaces, fandom has not completely abandoned Usenet either, and some of the old message boards, such as B5TV are also still around and active.

In journal-based fandom, Livejournal's Babylon 5 community is low-traffic but active, and the twice a month newsletter Universe Today collects discussion, fan fiction, art, and other interesting links from all over the web with plenty of links in each issues. There is also Babylon 5 Love Month, the annual fanworks fest celebrating the show.

One of the most active hubs of activity at the moment is on Tumblr, where the B5 fandom is well-known for welcoming new fans with open arms (and being considerate when it comes to spoilers). When a new fan posts in the B5 tag (usually to mourn for the perceived lack of fandom for B5), it is traditional for the other fans to reblog their post and welcome them to the fandom.

As one fan put it:

Seriously, though, the B5 fandom is probably one of the chillest fandom groups I’ve ever come across. You know what my favorite part about it is, though?

There’s no judgement. You could be an old fan of the show. You could be a brand new one. We don’t care. The general attitude seems to be that as long as you love it, we love you, too.

It’s funny because, in a way, I feel like our fandom does what the station itself set out to accomplish in the first place, and you know what? It’s beautiful.[3]

Characters

Pairings

Babylon 5 Fandom and The Powers That Be

From its inception, Babylon 5 fandom has had an accessible relationship with series creator, J. Michael Straczynski, as he was a regular contributor to the newsgroups alt.tv.babylon-5, rec.arts.tv.sf.babylon5 and Rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated.[4] JMS (as he is commonly known) would frequently answer fan questions about the show, not only about production or technical issues but about the backgrounds of the characters and the worlds he created. His posts, which are archived at jmsnews.com, are an early example of internet creator/fan based interactions.[5]

J. Michael Straczynski himself attended MediaWest*Con in 1992, just over a year before the show aired as a test movie in 1993. At that con, Straczynski was one of the five fans on the panel: "Computers: reach out and touch a fan - bulletin board systems," as well as the Ghostbusters panel.

Regarding his place as a showrunner and fan, he wrote in 1996:

I was on CIS and GEnie long before B5 got going. I figured, why change my habits just because now I was supposedly a vip? (And I'm not always comfortable with that designation.) Beyond that, my job as a writer is to know as much as I can about my characters and universe. In answering all these questions, I learn more about those areas, which helps me. Finally, it's a matter of being accessible and *accountable* to fans, as I'd wished producers had been when I was primarily a viewer. SF fans are generally the most exploited sorts of fans...you're told to line up, watch the show, buy the merchandise, and shut up. I didn't like it then, and I don't like it any better now that I'm on the other side of the lens.[6]

Fan interaction with JMS also helped to shape details in several episodes of the show. In the late first-season episode The Quality of Mercy, for example, there is a discussion of the rights of due process in a society where there are functional telepaths. JMS acknowledged on the newsgroup and in discussions that he fleshed out the on-screen discussion rather than glossing it over because there had been a high level of interest on the newsgroup.

Many cast members, such as Claudia Christian and Patricia Tallman, also often interact with fans online or at conventions [7] , and contribute to fan-run projects such as The Babylon Podcast.

A good example of co-operation between fans and TPTB is Babylon 5: I've Found Her, a space combat simulator which continued the legacy of the cancelled Babylon 5: Into the Fire game with the help of the developers of the commercial game (and the unofficial blessing of JMS).[8]

Regarding Trading Tapes

JMS scolded fans about selling/trading Babylon 5 tapes:

October 1995:

[An "excerpt from an open letter to a fan who went straight to Warner Bros, about fans selling/trading copies of episodes on the Internet. JMS wanted everyone to know that WB is watching the "nets" carefully now."] ...It's a breach of the ethics of this system to send postings by others, myself included, to the people at WB....we were already "handling" the issue, were already dealing with it. Until that moment, I referred matters of concern to those empowered to act, at the proper, lower-level areas. What your letter did was to embroil the two heads of WB, who until that moment didn't know the system much existed. And now folks from legal affairs regularly monitor the nets. Because you poked the head of the dragon." [9]

Regarding an Alleged Jettisoned Script

A fan's comment in 1997:

...[reading fanfic] could cause the author to dump a story completely. It happened to J. Micheal Straczynski, who created Babylon 5. A fan posted a story idea that happened to be exactly what he was writing for an episode of the series. Joe ended up having to re-write the entire episode to avoid any possible legal problems. That's why he only hangs out on the moderated newsgroup now. Story ideas are forbidden there. [10]

A fan's comment in 2001:

A fan posted a script idea to the B5 group that JMS was participating in at the time. Said script idea was very similar to a script in pre-production at the time. Script went on the shelf for a year, until the fan figured out what was going on, and offered all rights to the idea for free. JMS stopped participating in the unmoderated group at least partly because of that, and the moderated group was created as a result because he really did want to be able to interact with fans....

...complication is the stuff that lawsuits are made of. And, regardless of how complicated it was, or how much interaction the writer has, it demonstrates quite thoroughly that fanfic is not "harmless at worst." The B5 story does even more so, because it really was a "fan idea that just happened to be posted to a spot the producer was known to read." sort of thing. Mind you, in the end, if that had gone to a lawsuit, JMS would most likely have won, but since the legal fees would have been more than the profits for the entire season, nobody would win, and the network would have canned the show.

The JMS story doesn't even involve actual fanfic. It was just a script _idea_, and nearly caused the script to never be produced. It was a minor miracle that the fan 1) figured out what was going on - apparently, JMS didn't exactly explain it, and 2) happened to make the exact and only offer that would salavge the script spontaneously - apparently, JMS didn't explain what it would take.

When there's millions of dollars at stake, *everything* matters. [11]

JMS Requested No Fan Fiction

JMS often spoke of being online 3–4 hours a day,[12] mentioned the vast amount of email messages he received,[13] and provided his personal email address, to fans. He spoke of being the only television executive of being online and interacting with fans in a meaningful way,[14] and appeared to gain a lot of energy from these interactions. However, the thin line between being a showrunner, an accessible go-to guy, and a fan was a delicate balancing act. Because of these relationships, and transparency, JMS also spent a lot of time controlling what fans could say and where.

JMS frequently requested that fans not post fanfiction or story ideas to the newsgroup he frequented as he didn't want his copyright compromised by the possibility of being seen to have stolen a fan's idea.[15] In one case he went so far as to delay an episode's production, pushing it off for a season, until he could get a release from the fan who had suggested a similar idea on the newsgroup.[16]

At least one zine, Third Age, was also dead in the water before it even began because of the no-fic policy.

JMS' very frequent presence on USEnet meant that not only were discussions of fanfic prohibited, but also fans' discussion of "scenes they'd like to see on the show."

Quotes by JMS About the Fan Fiction Ban

1993

September 1993:

Please do not post story suggestions for my view here. Any time this is done jeapordizes my ability to do anything approaching that story because of the ever-present reality of plagiarism suits. What you just proposed cuts into a story that we're developing, and now we're going to have to modify that in order to avoid any problems. This kind of thing causes us great difficulty. You can reassure all you want, but that doesn't change the reality...you seem like a nice fellow, but I don't know you, don't know if you'll change your mind, don't know anything. So I've had to make a blanket policy regarding stories: you can come up with stories, or I can be present. It's one or the other. I don't mean to sound harsh, because I know your intentions are good, but if this occurs again, I'm going to have to bail out of Internet altogether. This has happened once already; three would be too much.[17]

1994

February 1994:

Let me put this another way, to see if this may have more influence on your thoughts.

BABYLON 5 is owned by PTEN. The names, the characters, *and the situations* are all part of what is owned through copyright, trademark and other legal means. It can then choose to whom to license the right, for a fee, to produce material within that universe...novels, comics, whatever. That sub-entity then has the legal right to publish works that use the B5 universe. (And it's not just the names; if every character is the same, and the context is the same, and a work appears within that context with the names just changed, it is still copyright infringement.)

It is in the vested interests of PTEN to maintain ownership of its copyright and trademarks. Otherwise why should any publisher pay for the rights to, say, publish novels in that universe? If a work appears in the public domain, using copyrighted characters/situations, and is NOT gone after legally, then that portion of the original creation has itself slipped into public domain. PTEN is currently going after several of the companies that have provided services to B5, and then have gone around and published ads in various magazines using photos from B5 *without* the PTEN copyright notice. Those specific images run the risk now of becoming part of the public domain. This has to be stopped and will be stopped, by PTEN.

I understand the need, the utility, and the fun of fanzines. I've read many and own many. I, however, am not PTEN. I understand the desire to play with the characters, in electronic or printed form. But that has nothing to do with PTEN's desire to protect its copyright. The electronic medium -- BBSing -- has been found in several court hearings to constitute a form of publication. There are, in fact, now several electronic publishers who circulate books/stories via this medium. Any work appearing in this medium is subject to commonlaw copyright, so that the writer of that work owns it...which brings that writer into direct conflict if that work infringes upon the copyright of someone else.

If a flood of B5 stories (or camoflaged clones) began to appear on this or any other net, it would force PTEN to intervene legally with injunctions, cease-and-desist letters, and so on. My own feelings about this really don't enter into it.

It becomes a two-sided risk. On my behalf, I would simply have to withdraw rather than run the risk of being sued for something somebody might write that I might have seen. It doesn't have to be proven that I even saw it as long as I had *access* to seeing it. On the other hand, those doing so run the risk of entanglements of their own.

Is it fun? No. Not for either of us. Part of the reason I created the B5 universe was to see what other people would do with it. But this is the law. And the law doesn't have to be fair. It simply is.[18]

February 1994:

"Why can't I write a story using the characters from B5 and publish it here for all to read?"

Because it's a violation of copyright and trademark. What part of that sentence don't you understand?

If you write a story and -- using your own terms -- "publish it here" that instance of commonlaw copyright is a violation of the PTEN copyright and trademark. My own personal feelings notwithstanding, *it's the law*.

The only thing that really bothers me in this whole conversation is that I didn't want to get into a discussion of legalities, or lawyers, or copyright infringement...all I said at the beginning was that I would like to be here, to stay here, to participate in this experiment. And I asked, as a courtesy, to be kept away from any story ideas because it opens me up to legal liability. That's all. Just a courtesy, in exchange for the 3 hours a day I spend on this system, reading 500 messages a day now, to keep the lines of communication open.

Why is the request for a courtesy insufficient, and people have to go to the legal aspect? [19]

February 1994:

Obviously, I can't say anything officially here saying "Go write fanfic to your heart's content." Because PTEN would (correctly) stick my head on a pike in the middle of downtown Hollywood. However, let me be ABSOLUTELY clear in this: I have NEVER said, "Don't write it." All that I have EVER said is, "Don't put it in a place where I can see it or stumble over it."

Email is a private system; so is a closed mailing list. I'm not here to be PTEN's eyes and ears; I really don't care what happens out there in that respect. My only real concern is that whatever it is that's happening, *I don't see it.* It's better for all concerned if I don't see it, or don't have access to it.

So on a personal level, I have no real problem with what you propose. [20]

March 1994:

The conversation is most useful as a sort of "sense of the room," if the comparison is clear. I find that a lot of it reinforces what I suspected. [21]

June 1994:

I have thus far changed about 3 or 4 minor elements because someone

posted what could constitute a story idea that came uncomfortably close to what we were doing this season. Fortunately, they were small things, and didn't affect anything substantial, but it is kind of a pain in the ass.

On the *other* hand...very often there are zillions of questions here about the characters, the universe, history, all that. A writer's job in creating a universe is to try and think of every question, and answer it. But far more questions get asked here than I could ever think of. So, sometimes a question I'd never considered gets asked, I come up with an answer, and now it's part of the show. [22]

July 1994:

You must understand that I *cannot* comment on this publication one way or another. My one request has always been to keep fan fiction out of anywhere where I can easily see it or run into it, since I will never directly

seek it out. In terms of a fanzine, I cannot legally comment. [23]

December 1994:

Re: 'zines...basically, I'm dealing with it the only way I can, which is to ask if such 'zines could be confined to nonfiction stuff during the first-run of the series. Afterward, do as you wish. jms [24]

1995

March 1995:

Yes, I have asked that any B5 related zines refrain from now from (for now) from printing story ideas, as this could cause me great trouble. jms [25]

August 1995:

To this day, I don't think anyone at WB has ever had any kind of problem with fan computer art, freely distributed, based on the show, or altering images into something new and different.[26]

1996

February 1996:

[fan question]: You could create a file entitled, "NO JMS Allowed". That should cover the legal stuff).

[JMS]: 1) Simply saying "NO JMS" on a folder is not sufficient; I could still go into any area to which I have been proven to have access. Having access to the general area (AOL) access to the specific material is *automatically assumed* in any court of law. Instant loss should someone post a story and decide later that something we did was too close to their story.

2) I have asked, as a courtesy, for people to refrain from fan fiction until the 5 year story is over. There are only 2 years remaining on this request. ST fanfic was developed as a way to keep the characters alive while the show was gone. There is no such need at this time.

3) If fanfic is posted to AOL, I will have to withdraw from AOL. That simple. It's even worse than posting a story idea, it's a whole *story*. I have no desire to scuttle another story, or a major part of an arc, to avoid somebody thinking I swiped it.

4) Be advised that the names, situations and characters are all copyrighted by Warner Bros., and if courtesy is not sufficient, any infringement of that copyright by fanfiction will be conveyed to the legal eagles for action.

Don't do it. I *mean* it. - jms [27]

March 1996:

Except I don't think it's actually a story idea, but rather qualifies as parody (of a sort). Also, I've never said I'd go after anybody who posts story ideas, because I can't do that; I can only leave any forum where they come up. I can't interfere with that. Actual *published* fiction that infringes is another matter entirely, of course.[28]

May 1996:

BTW, one note on fan or slash B5 fiction...in all the years that I've been online, going to conventions, interacting with viewers...in all that time, I've made only one request of those who admire, like or respect the show: *please* no fanfic, as it could eventually cause us problems that could hurt the show that inspired them to commit fanfic. It's the only thing I've ever asked in return, as part of the no story ideas situation. Just to hold off until after the show has run its course.

I would hope, if they were truly fans of the show, they would honor that request. [29]

June 1996:

I think the main reason there isn't much fanfiction is that I've specifically asked for there not to be any until after we've finished our run. And as is generally true of the SF fan community, if you ask nice and respectfully, you will generally be accommodated.[30]

October 1996:

Bottom line, and real simple:

I've asked that fans *not* write any fan fiction set in the B5 universe while the show is on the air. Remember, most ST fanfic began after the show was over, to keep those characters alive. We're still around.

Fanfic is a threat to us, in that if someone writes a story, puts it in a fanzine, and something remotely similar is done in the show, that person could decide to sue. It happens; Marion Zimmer Bradley lost an entire *book* over this, when her publisher refused to put the book out because of the threat of lawsuit from a fanzine with a similar story.[31]

When someone posted a basic story idea similar to what was planned for "Passing Through Gethsemane," that script went into cold storage for over a year; only when the fan involved offered (greatly chagrined) to write and sign a legal release, and delivered it to me, could that story be put back into prep. If he had not been this kind, THAT EPISODE WOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN MADE. Roll that one around for a while.

It seems to me that if someone wants to write B5 fanfic, it's because that fan likes the show, appreciates what's done, and respects those who created it. And that selfsame fan would not want to jeapordize the continued existence of that show. And would, therefore, honor this request from those who make it for the duration of the show. jms [32]

1997
For starters, I have problem with the auteur term.... I do consider myself the author of the B5 story, the creator of its characters and universe. Insofar as we enter of areas, my position is that of navigator... I point to the spot on the horizon and say, "That's where we're all going." [33]

2000

<Moderator> Ship-chan: JMS: I was just wondering.. how do you feel about fan fiction? Do you ever read any?

<straczynski> No, because it opens me up to legal problems. It's caused at least one author to lose an entire book's worth of work because her publisher was afraid of being sued because it was close to some fanfic out there. All I've asked is that it be kept where I can't see it without expending effort to protect myself. Beyond that, I imagine it's pretty cool (and the first one to do Garibaldi/G'Kar Slash fiction gets it in the neck). [34]

Comments by Fans About the Fan Fiction Ban

1994

And so for B5 slash? Yes, please yes! So what if there's a 'no zines' policy? Since when has something like that ever stopped fen from producing good, juicy stories? That's what we're about after all. [35]

I've been informed that J.M.S., as the creator of Babylon Five prefers to be called, requests that no one write B-5 stories until the series is officially and irrevocably cancelled, some five years hence. This doesn't exclude artwork or filk..." [36]

1995

Several months ago I wrote to J. Michael Straczynski to inform him of my plans to publish a fan publication based on Babylon 5. I finally received a reply a couple of weeks ago from Joanne Higgins (assistant to Straczynski) of Babylonian Productions. Even though my letter emphasized the fact that this fanzine was not for profit, Ms. Higgins has expressly forbidden me to publish Third Age, stating that "all publications using the Babylon 5 name must be licensed through Warner Brothers as they own the rights." Apparently Warner Bros does not share Paramount's view that fan publications increase fan awareness and commercial success of a series (Paramount has no problem with Star Trek fanzines as long as they are non-profit). Warner must also be unaware of the other B5 fan publications that are out there. As a result, I will not be publishing Third Age as planned. I've written back expressing my disappointment in this apparent "ban" on B5 fandom.[37]

I'm not sitting in as Joe's mouthpiece, but I do believe that he mentioned something about putting the stories on hold until the show is over (2 years). It's a simple act of respect and courtesy to follow...besides, it gives folks *plenty* of time to go through a gazillion rough drafts, lots of red ink, re-writes, lots a red ink, revisions, more red ink, and the "finished" copy...these butter knives sure are dull...where's an exacto-knife when you need one? [38]

1996

I'm still waiting to read my first Garibaldi/Sinclair (and I WILL wait 2 more years if JMS insists, but I won't be happy).

I don't think enough stress can be laid on the results of having characters operate in a closed plot universe. True, a large portion of the zines are put out when the series is still running. (Japanese fans would be baffled at the notion of waiting for JMS to finish - what possible effect can doing a zine now have on what happens in two years' time? Hell, I'm baffled at the notion of waiting for JMS to finish. I suppose it's a compliment, in its way, to think fannish versions have a reality comparable to the source's.) [39]

.... with as tolerant as jms has been of this stuff despite my gut feeling that it squicks him, I am quite prepared to keep it out of his hair if it makes life easier for him.

Frankly, though, there's a very simple idea why fanfic is written -- most character-centered fans watched the old "City on the Edge of Forever" show and went nuts at what happened to Kirk -- my god, the man's guts got torn out and stomped on. And next week, he was back bright eyed and bushy tailed -- that was just TOO much to take. And so fans started writing the stuff because otherwise the entire universe made NO fucking sense. It was at least partly an attempt to square the universe with real life and do the character-centered things that you knew WOULD have happened had the writers had any balls or desire to maintain episode to episode consistency.

But hell -- B5 doesn't DO any of that half-assed crap. There's no NEED to write "what happened when Marcus's colony got toasted and how he feels," because it was alluded to in one episode. Jms creates his people so realistically and gives them enough texture that you know it's going to come up anyhow. Why write the story yourself when you know the producer will get around to it in good time? No need to write "How John and Delenn came to love one another" because the typical bullshit angle of "well, they just uh, did" wasn't taken -- we *saw* it evolve over time so there was no need to create it.

Fanfic is written to fill gaps that drive you up walls. B5 has no gaps, so there's nothing to fill. This is I think why, even taking the "keep it out of jms's hair" thang into consideration, there is VERY LITTLE B5 fanfic written compared to other shows. You don't need to texture the universe and give it the depth of real life that is so badly lacking in Trek, f'rinstance. He already gives it that.[40]

As a sprawling novel in weekly episodes, B5 is showing more and more signs of Dickensian breadth and pacing. I'm very hopeful that B5 will eventually inspire the variety of fanfic and ever-expanding epics that ST and B7 have... or do I care? (a) Much fanfic is the end result of a fascinating process, but is less than stellar in itself. The speculative, branching discussion of possibilities are enjoyable in themselves, and we're doing that already, (b) It may, like Tolkein and some other large-scale but essentially closed-boundary narratives, never really inspire more than incidental fictional commentary. This all remains to be seen. All I can say at present is that B5 is too big to evaluate at one sitting, even a five-year sitting. What the combination of B5 and fandom may engender is entirely uncertain.[41]

I wondered whether the Net had any Babylon 5 slash so, after trolling thru a dozen or so web sites via Alta Vista, I made my electronic way to a web site that's called Satrycon a GoGo at http:// www.ar.com.au/~jrlddler/slash.html. Among lots of other topics. It listed a link to Slash Fiction on the Net which sounded promising. Slash Fiction on the Net pages had a dozen or so shows listed; the largest section was for Due South. Much as I like that show, my interest doesn't go further.

B5 has two stories listed: the shorter one was a Sinclair/Garibaldi story "The Gift" which was adequate. The other story was "Balance of Power" by Jennifer Lyon, A. Manley Huff & Sue Phillips. I skimmed several pages and it looked promising so I printed it out. Fifty-five pages later it finished with a file size of 187k.

[...]

While looking for more B5 slash I came across elfin's homepage - the Home of the Slash Cafe at https://web.archive.org/web/19980709101341/https://www.burble.com/jane/. One of her links to Babylon 5 - Spoiler City - will take you to lots of background info & speculation on the human, minbari & vorlons who populate B5. It also goes to the site for gen B5 fanfic which is clumped according to season.

However, my interest was on her link - Slash Night at the Karoke Cafe which led to a few slash vignettes, elfin's "Nights" is a brief, evocative vignette between Sinclair & Sheridan which I'm including on the next pages. I couldn't find any more. Sigh. Well, it's early, perhaps "Balance of Power" will inspire others. The funniest slash I've read so far for B5 was in NO HOLDS BARRED #12. Janis Cortese has several stories here for different fandoms, but her most effective is "A Drunken Boink" between Marcus who makes a drunken dare with Garibaldi.[42]

2001

January 2001:

I'm responding to this here because this individual ALSO sent me the note quoted here using my email account.

>How about a one or half season series about valen and the shadow war a 1000 years ago. Valen could come into the series after a 1 or 2 episodes, after wee see how the minbari were left with no central HQ.

I'm responding to this here because it seems no matter how many times I say it, there's always Somebody Who Doesn't Get the Message.

How many times are we going to have to go through this?

1) DO NOT USE MY EMAIL FOR ANYTHING OTHER THAN PERSONAL ITEMS THAT CANNOT BE DISCUSSED ON THE NETS.

Do not COPY me on your public messages here, do not SEND me questions about how fast the White Star can fly vs. the Enterprise, do NOT use my email to ask about the frickin' DVDS, and

2) DO NOT SEND ME STORY IDEAS *EVER* FOR ANY REASON, ESPECIALLY IN EMAIL!

Understand that my being here is always a precarious compromise. If somebody sends me a story idea, and it happens to be anywhere NEAR what I am thinking about doing or might do in the future, it puts me at SUBSTANTIAL LEGAL RISK of being sued.

Think it's an unnecessary concern? Ask Marion Zimmer Bradley, who lost a whole NOVEL due to EXACTLY this sort of thing.

Because this has been posted here, you can be absolutely sure that I will now not do ANYTHING like this, at ANY time.

Let me be plain: this crap endangers my ability to participate on ANY and ALL net discussions. I've made only one really hard and fast rule, one request of the fans: DO NOT DO THIS TO ME. Do not put me in this position.

Do NOT abuse the email privilege, and do NOT send me story ideas.

Because eventually, if it continues, I will have to withdraw totally from all nets because it's not worth the legal danger, and it's not worth having to slog through ten thousand emails asking me about B5 weapons systems and the like. (And ever since the reruns began on SFC, I've been FLOODED with such emails.)

I apologize for having to be loud about this, but this really has to stop. If necessary I'll close this email account and use only a private one.[43]

1997

I join you in being puzzled at the notion of waiting for JMS to finish B5 — only short series (under a year) need to be finished to be worth doing fanfic variations on. A year's universe-building, particularly at B5's dense pace, gives one quite enough to play with. However, JMS looking over everyone's shoulder on the net stifled the unbridled creativity a bit, I would guess. [44]

Babylon 5 Fanworks and the JMS Effect

While some fans reveled in JMS's participation and lurking on the discussion boards, other fans found JMS's presence in "their" space to have a chilling effect on conversation: "You definitely didn't want to go off on a rant about his, say, dialogue skills, for example. [You'd have to find] some other place if you wanted to talk about that." [45]

Another fan said: "Since he hung out in lots of different places, it meant there was no fan fiction in any of them. Which was a sort of a weird—like, you could say many many things about episodes, and people did immense quantities of analytics and whatever. But they had to be really, really cautious about where they posted their fan fic." [46]

JMS's no fan fiction policy—or, more accurately, a policy of "I can never say that I am in favor of fan fiction"—was seen by fans as a request to keep the fanfiction where he could not see it. For a few years there was little Babylon 5 fanfiction openly published on the internet, with only a few archives and no discussion about it on the major message boards and forums. Because of this, Gen fans found themselves in the unusual position, formerly the place of slash fans, of needing to be introduced to invite only fiction mailing lists.

JMS's interactions with fans was often sharp; he could be very blunt and critical of fans' comments. Some very random examples:

Excuse me for being blunt, but since you're being blunt, you shouldn't mind a blunt observation in return. You are an idiot.[47]

Excuse me, Michelle, but I resent your message. [...] I'm sorry if it's not sufficiently nasty at this point to satisfy your bloodthirstiness. [48]

I would remind a very few of the feebs I noted before that in fact, there WAS no rec.arts.b5 area until I showed up on the alt group. At that point, membership jumped *dramatically* enough to merit the formation of a rec.arts group. I have no particular infatuation with my own sense of importance -- much the contrary -- but I do know that my being here is in many ways directly responsible for there BEING a B5 rec group. Now I'm being told, "Hey, why make special rules for him, who cares, let him blow off if he doesn't like it. [49]



Art print of Marcus by Tim Kuzniar. Print is water damaged

Other Fan Interactions and "Babylon 5"

Fan interaction with JMS helped to shape details in several episodes of the show. In the late first-season episode The Quality of Mercy, for example, there is a discussion of the rights of due process in a society where there are functional telepaths. JMS acknowledged on the newsgroup and in discussions that he fleshed out the on-screen discussion rather than glossing it over because there had been a high level of interest on the newsgroup.

Many cast members, such as Claudia Christian and Patricia Tallman, also often interact with fans online or at conventions [50] , and contribute to fan-run projects such as The Babylon Podcast.

A good example of co-operation between fans and TPTB is Babylon 5: I've Found Her, a space combat simulator which continued the legacy of the cancelled Babylon 5: Into the Fire game with the help of the developers of the commercial game (and the unofficial blessing of JMS).[51]

Fanworks Today

After the show ended, the 'ban' on fanfiction should have been lifted. But even as late as 2001, JMS was trying to control fans and their questions and fanworks: "In 2001, he wrote:

I'm responding to this here because this individual ALSO sent me the note quoted here using my email account.

>How about a one or half season series about valen and the shadow war a 1000 years ago. Valen could come into the series after a 1 or 2 episodes, after wee see how the minbari were left with no central HQ.

I'm responding to this here because it seems no matter how many times I say it, there's always Somebody Who Doesn't Get the Message.

How many times are we going to have to go through this?

[snipped]

2) DO NOT SEND ME STORY IDEAS *EVER* FOR ANY REASON, ESPECIALLY IN EMAIL!

Understand that my being here is always a precarious compromise. If somebody sends me a story idea, and it happens to be anywhere NEAR what I am thinking about doing or might do in the future, it puts me at SUBSTANTIAL LEGAL RISK of being sued.[52]

It is unknown when Babylon 5 fanworks became more visible.

Popular topics for fanfiction now include what-if alternate universe stories (What if the Minbari did not surrender at the Battle of the Line, what if Sinclair was never replaced by Sheridan), relationship-centric stories featuring both canon pairings (John Sheridan/Delenn, Susan Ivanova/Talia Winters, Susan Ivanova/Marcus Cole) and non-canon pairings (Delenn/Susan Ivanova, Marcus Cole/Neroon, Londo Mollari/G'Kar, Sinclair/Garibaldi), and continuations of the original 5-year canon both gen and relationship-centric.

Babylon 5 was considered too large fandom for Yuletide until 2009, when it was allowed under the ten year rule (Crusade had been eligible for a few years until being disqualified because of the franchise rule). However, the next year it was again deemed not rare based on the number of stories on AO3 - only to allowed back again in 2012.

Inclusion of Gay Characters

In 1993, JMS said:

We have no intention of avoiding the gay question. We will not, however, do a "gay story," which is usually described by those friends and acquaintances of mine in derogatory terms...a la, "fags are people too."

The sense I get is that they resent the hell out of that kind of patronizing approach. The one suggestion that comes most often is, "Why not simply introduce a character, we get to know that character over the run of a season, and at some point discover, practically in passing, that this person is bi or gay...*don't* make a big issue out of it, just show it."

And that's what we're going to do. jms [53]

In 1997, a fan recounted hearing JMS at LosCon:

You'll no doubt have heard that the LosCon presentation by Straczynski seems to have said that an upcoming episode of B5 will show same-sex marriage as a social norm. I'd like to see it, I must say, though I have no doubt it will raise as many problems as it solves, in life as well as in slash. [54]

Tensions with Star Trek Fandom

J. Michael Straczynski wrote on June 12, 1995:

Don't you think it's just the *teensiest* bit unfair to compare a show with a TWENTY SEVEN YEAR HISTORY to something that's only been on the air less than two seasons? If B5 and ST came on the air at the same time, then you could make this comparison fairly. ST has, over nearly three decades, become part of the culture; B5 doesn't have that advantage.

On the whole issue of so-called "Trek bashing," part of my brain explodes every time I see this discussion dredged up from whatever place it rests in between sessions. For 27 years, many ST fans held up that show as being the Ultimate in TV SF. "Well, X is okay, but it's not as good as STAR TREK!" "Show Y really sucks next to Star Trek." And so on.

So now somebody says, "Well, Star Trek is okay, but it's not as good as BABYLON 5" and suddenly I hear a lot of whining and whinging and "Tell the bad mans to stop making fun of us! That's not fair!" Seems to me it's only not fair because somebody other than ST fans is saying it. (And please don't tell me the former stuff didn't happen; I've been on the nets since 1984 and at cons/in fandom since forever, and I've seen it.)

Most of the ST fans, I should point out, are quite accepting of B5; what I see most often is those who did the most bashing of every other show falling entirely to pieces because now they're at the other end of it, as though their show should be sacrosanct. To whom I simply say...tough. Deal with it, pink boy, it's *your* turn in the barrel, and if you don't like it, then maybe you shouldn't have been doing it yourself all these years.

This leads to comments like those from (either [Gary] Berman or) Pillar in a recent magazine interview, in which he stated that yes, there are lots of other SF shows out there, but because his show has the Star Trek name on it, he really doesn't have to keep up with or have any sense of competition with any other show, since that name gives them an automatic advantage. That speaks to the heart of why many ST fans are now having a problem with that show, whose motto seems to be, "We're Star Trek, we don't HAVE to try harder." (Reminiscent of the SNL routine, "We're the phone company. We don't care. We don't have to.") It's sheer complacency.

When some ST fans berate or criticize other shows, they feel they do so from a perspective of quality, and thus they're automatically right; if another fan of another show does it to them, well, by golly, that's not

informed criticism, it CAN'T be, because ST is the True One Light, it must be BASHING! Screw that.[55]

If I had to turn to the Star Trek community, and express a concern, it would be only this. Gene Roddenberry advanced the idea of IDIC. Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations. It is another word for open-mindedness. Because Babylon 5 is on the air, it does not constitute a threat in any way to Star Trek. One is no more disloyal to ST by checking out B5 than one is disloyal to the original Trek by watching a show using the same name but in no way created by the creator of Trek (Voyager).

We are not Trek. We have no obligation to be Trek. Nor, really, do I think anyone would want us to be Trek, because then we *are* irrelevant and redundent [sic]. We are another view of the future. It's not the same as the Star Trek future, but another possibility... which of course gets us into philosophical areas, and some of the objections some ST fans have toward B5 are, indeed, philosophical; this is how they want the world to be 250 years from now. Fair enough, and I don't have a problem in the world with that.

I have no problem with ANYone who gives B5 a fair shake, and then decides it's not for them; anyone who actually *embraces* the idea of IDIC and practices it; anyone who gives B5 the kind of fair chance that ST fans wish would've been given to the original show back in the 60s. Yet all too often, when someone comes into the B5 section on a kamikaze run, after they've dropped the bombs, you discover that, in fact, they've never seen the series, never seen more than some promos, or two minutes of a show; the same people who will, by their own statements, stick with a new Star Trek series, even though they hate aspects of it, for whole *seasons* until they figure out how to get it right.

There is NO reason for animosity between ST fans and B5 fans, for the simple reason that, every day, we gain more fans who began as ST fans, and in many cases CONTINUE to enjoy that show. Any hostility is as fundamentally silly as fans of Hill Street Blues declaring open warfare against anyone who likes NYPD Blue because they both have the word Blue in the title, and HSB was there first.

All that anyone wants, I guess, is that the show be given a fair chance. The lack of that chance was what helped drive

the original Star Trek off the air after two years initially, and finally after the third. I can't see any reasonable ST fan, knowing that history, and decrying it, then doing it to another.[56]

Also see JMS comments on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Babylon 5 at USEnet, see "Re: DS9 vs B5 comments," June 20, 1995

Early Fan Comments

1993

A very quick review of the first episode of BABYLON 5. I liked it a lot. There was something very Golden Age amid all the high tech. I liked the Earthmen's bushy buzz cuts and leather-patched sweaters, the aliens were interesting, especially the Nam, and the special effects were excellent. The best part however was the character (I don't recall names yet) whose "2nd most favorite thing in the universe" was watching 20th century cartoons! A future media fan! I'm looking forward to more episodes and also to see how much input/impact fans have on the evolution of the show (via the networking with the creator).[57]

1994

I'm beginning to like "Babylon 5." The aliens look different. They have actually thought to include different airlocked levels which have various kinds/pressures of atmospheres for visitors that find Earth like gravity/atmosphere of the station too heavy/toxic. It's improving since it's debut in January. D.C. Fontana wrote last week's show "War Prayer" and as Harlan Ellison is the Creative Consultant perhaps he will also. Having actual science fiction writers write a lot of scripts the first season on "Star Trek" was one of the main reasons it was good. [58]

Babylon 5, I agree with all your reasons to like it, and I would add the excellent continuity. But I'm put of by the awkward and ham-handed dialogue, the dumb plots, and the wooden acting. (Commander Sinclair will speak with normal inflection the day Ambassador Sarek has a giggling fit on the bridge.) Both the good points and the faults, I think, arise from the same source; I suspect that the creator (I can pronounce his name, but not spell it) is an incurable adolescent fanboy. So he has little knowledge of human emotion and sf logic, but an excellent fannish obsession with all the little details. I watch the show religiously, because it has tremendous potential even if they're not using almost any of it. [59]

I agree with you wholeheartedly about the continuing [Babylon 5] storyline, the clues along the way and the ripple effect of actions. This is a series absolutely made [for taping! With each viewing more and more details come together and a dawning understanding that there's a heck of a lot more going on than meets the casual eye. I think B5 is one of the most detailed, intelligent SF shows around and if fans are willing to be spoon-fed the bland pap of some shows rather than taking the plunge with engaging, adult characters and situations, then they deserve what they get. I'm not saying B5 is perfect. They've had a few clunkers in there. But for overall consistency of quality and intelligence, B5 wins hands down. [60]

1995

You're absolutely right about the wonderful complexity and intelligence inherent in B5. It is consistently well thought out but the best part, apart from the wonderful characters and dialogue, is that it gives us clues to mentally chew upon all along the way, so if we are clever enough, we might be able to piece together what will happen (but I think JMS is far more clever than we!). [61]

1996

As a sprawling novel in weekly episodes, B5 is showing more and more signs of Dickensian breadth and pacing. I'm very hopeful that B5 will eventually inspire the variety of fanfic and ever-expanding epics that ST and B7 have... or do I care? (a) Much fanfic is the end result of a fascinating process, but is less than stellar in itself. The speculative, branching discussion of possibilities are enjoyable in themselves, and we're doing that already, (b) It may, like Tolkein and some other large-scale but essentially closed-boundary narratives, never really inspire more than incidental fictional commentary. This all remains to be seen. All I can say at present is that B5 is too big to evaluate at one sitting, even a five-year sitting. What the combination of B5 and fandom may engender is entirely uncertain. [62]

1997

And I started getting curious about B5 after catching some of the second season, and well . . . no table scraps [like I felt I was given in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.] There was a ten-course gourmet meal going on over there. Ivanova isn't given a few "good lines" and otherwise wandering around in a costume that is two sizes smaller than the men's, as in TNG and even DS9 when it was at its *best*. I had gotten satisfied with crumbs for a long time, and with B5, I'm simply no longer willing to sit still and not demand quality TV that doesn't insult me.[63]

Fanworks

Fanzines

Links to Babylon 5 fanzines can be found at Category:Babylon 5 and at the List of Babylon 5 Fanzines.

Fanart

Vids

Archives

Forums, Mailing Lists

  • Zocalo "Zocalo". Archived from the original on 2003-02-17. (created March 2002) Description: "A home for Babylon 5 fiction, alternative fiction, slash, and everything else that doesn't seem to belong in the happy chatty B5 groups abounding."
  • Dark B5 Fic "Dark B5 Fic". Archived from the original on 2003-01-22. (created June 2000) Description: "DarkB5Fic · b5 fanfiction with a darker twist. Join us in the dark side of Babylon 5. It's an adult show, aimed at adult audiences - and here is where we, as adult readers, can read *adult* fanfic. This means anything that leans on the 'dark' side - violence, sex, gore, adult themes.... all those things we found in b5 anyway. ;) All stories posted here will be archived at the "Visions Before Midnight" webpage at http://www.angen.net/~victorias-domain/tv/bab5main/bab5main.html"
  • Crusade Babylon 5 Chat and Fic "Crusade Babylon 5 Chat and Fic". Archived from the original on 2003-10-27. Description: "This discussion/fanfic list is dedicated to the loving relationships among the characters of Babylon 5 and its wonderful spin-off, Crusade. This is an adult only list, joining it confirms that you are indeed OVER the legal age in your area. All fiction, general hetero and slash are welcome and will eventually be archived at "The Wonderful World Of MakeBelieve Archive", which houses varied fandoms and independant authors." [Archive/other website: WWOMB]

Some Early Mailing Lists

Usenet Newsgroups: Here are a few newsgroups that are home to fans of B5. It's best to stick to your home country's newsgroup, that way you avoid an spoilers.

alt.tv.babylon-5

This was the original B5 group, which has since been superseded by the rastb5 group. Although there are still some postings here, it should be considered deceased.

rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5

This group is, without a doubt, the busiest B5 group on the net. Why? Well, the US folk have set up camp here as they currently have no home hierarchy of their own. Although it is meant to be an international group, it tends to be inundated with unprotected spoilers about future episodes. The big plus for this group has to be the fact that JMS reads and posts here. Although some consider his cryptic, and sometimes misleading postings as spoilers, if you want info from the horses mouth, you'll have to brave the spoilers and check out this group.

alt.babylon5.uk

Again, this was the original home to the UK B5 newsgroup. While some still refuse to stop posting, the group was (partially) removed from the alt.* hierarchy and will subsequently suffer terrible propagation around the net. After it's partial removal, it was decided that an official UK group should be created. This lead to...

uk.media.sf.tv.babylon5

The place to discuss B5 if you're a viewer of Babylon5 in the UK. Whether you watch it on Channel4 or SC4(Wales), you're unlikely to be spoiled by folks who've seen future episodes. The standard spoiler policy prevents viewers of SC4 being spoiled by C4 viewers, as explained elswhere in this FAQ. It's even possible to read JMS's postings to rastb, thanks to Bruce Goatly. Bruce puts himself in the line of spoiler- fire to bring readers of this group a digest of spoiler protected JMS postings. [64]

Fan Clubs

Conventions

Meta/Further Reading

Resources

References

  1. ^ Fan Fiction Oral History Project with Deirdre (2012)
  2. ^ As related in the Babylon 5 script books.
  3. ^ Knightless about Tumblr-based fandom here.
  4. ^ http://www.midwinter.com/b5/Usenet/
  5. ^ The posts have also been collected into a five-part book series, compiled by JMS and a team of fans, that contains of every question JMS had ever answered on Usenet, AOL bulletin boards, GEnie, and in online chats, sorted by category. The books total approximately 2,000 pages and cover 5,296 questions. More here, Archived version.
  6. ^ from a CompuServ transcript
  7. ^ "In the summer of 1997, I attended the Chicago Comicon. One of the guests was Pat Tallman, who knew about the mailing list I ran. It was a super cool moment in my fandom history." -- comment by Laura Hale: User:Laura/Timeline
  8. ^ I've Found Her official site
  9. ^ as reported and quoted in The Observation Dome (October 1995 issue)
  10. ^ Mercedes book - Stoned Souls...?, comment by Purrt, April 27, 2009
  11. ^ comment by Terry Austin at Copyright and Filk Songs, archive link page one, archive link page two, archive link page three, archive link page four, March 2001 discussion at rec.arts.sf.written
  12. ^ "I spend 3 hours per day just on the internet." -- Why are you here?
  13. ^ "It's now 2:03 a.m., and I have 248 Internet messages in my mailbox to get through before I crash tonight." - Why are you here?
  14. ^ "I am, insofar as I know, the ONLY television producer to be on-line to this extent, creating what is really an interactive experience." -- Why are you here?
  15. ^ http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/resources/story-ideas.html
  16. ^ http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/countries/us/guide/048.html
  17. ^ Date: 8 Sep 1993 01:02:39 -0400 Subject: Scene I would like to see
  18. ^ Re: Ban on creative works? Huh... (comment on rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated); WebCite, February 13, 1994
  19. ^ Re: Ban on creative works? Huh (February 16, 1994)
  20. ^ Re: Ban on creative works? Huh (February 18, 1994)
  21. ^ JMS How have you been influenc... (March 17, 1994)
  22. ^ from JMS at Re: JMS: does this group affec..., rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated (June 8, 1994)
  23. ^ You must understand that I *cannot*... (July 12, 1994)
  24. ^ Perhaps the whole gay issue might... (comment on GEnie); WebCite, December 23, 1994
  25. ^ ATTN JMS: Question regarding fanzines (comment on GEnie); WebCite, March 3, 1995
  26. ^ from JMS in a CompuServ transcript, August 16, 1995
  27. ^ from JMS on r.a.s.t.b5 (2 of 2) (Topic: AOL) (Feb 28, 1996)
  28. ^ from a CompuServ transcript, subject line was "Subject: B5 vs. DS9 filk story?"
  29. ^ JMS on GEnie 5/25/96; (SFRT II RoundTable Category 18, Topic 1 Message 470 Tue May 21, 1996 STRACZYNSKI [Joe] at 00:43 EDT) [(May 21, 1996)
  30. ^ from a CompuServe transcript
  31. ^ A oft-repeated urban myth, one carelessly repeated. See Marion Zimmer Bradley Fanfiction Controversy for a much more nuanced reality.
  32. ^ comment by JMS at rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated: How does JMS feel about fan fiction?, October 7, 1996
  33. ^ from An Auteur in the Age of the Internet: JMS, Babylon 5, and the Net (1997)
  34. ^ from JMS chat transcript (Jun 23, 2000)
  35. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #7 (1994)
  36. ^ from the editorial of Grip #48 in 1994
  37. ^ from Trexperts #37
  38. ^ example of an overall chilling effect for ALL fanfiction, this from a fan who scolded an editor's submission request on Usenet for publishing zines that didn't even contain Babylon 5. -- Fanzines looking for submissions / in print (Jul 19, 1995)
  39. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #15 (November 1996)
  40. ^ Janis C at How does JMS feel about fan fiction?, October 1996, comment at rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated
  41. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #15 (November 1996)
  42. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #15 (November 1996)
  43. ^ at rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated, reposted to Re: JMS Top Secret Projects??? FROM JMS, January 10, 2001
  44. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #16 (February 1997)
  45. ^ Fan Fiction Oral History Project with Jinjurly (2012)
  46. ^ Fan Fiction Oral History Project with Eruthros (2012)
  47. ^ Usenet, "Date: 27 Aug 1993 01:27:56 -0400 Subject: Re: A little scenario.
  48. ^ Usenet, "Date: 23 Jun 1995 04:18:41 -0400 Subject: Re: Holy JMS-Re: DS9 establish"
  49. ^ from Why are you here?, June 3, 1995
  50. ^ "In the summer of 1997, I attended the Chicago Comicon. One of the guests was Pat Tallman, who knew about the mailing list I ran. It was a super cool moment in my fandom history." -- comment by Laura Hale: User:Laura/Timeline
  51. ^ I've Found Her official site
  52. ^ at rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated, reposted to Re: JMS Top Secret Projects??? FROM JMS, January 10, 2001
  53. ^ at rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated, reposted at WebCite, December 12, 1993
  54. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #16 (February 1997)
  55. ^ from J. Michael Straczynski : CompuServ transcript, May 29, 1995
  56. ^ from J. Michael Straczynski : CompuServ transcript, June 12, 1995
  57. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #4 (1993)
  58. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #4 (1994)
  59. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #5 (1994)
  60. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #7 (1994)
  61. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #9 (1995)
  62. ^ from Strange Bedfellows (APA) #15 (November 1996)
  63. ^ from Janice C at Ratings for syndicated action shows (Jan 24, 1997)
  64. ^ from umtsb5 Frequently Asked Questions and Other Information (November 25, 1995)
  65. ^ reference link.
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