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'''Binding''' is the method in which the pages of a print [[fanzine]] are fastened together. The binding type is determined by the dimensions of the zine, as well as economic factors. Small [[digest-sized]] zines or booklets can be center stapled. Zines over 50 pages will require either spiral or comb binding. Early fanzines in the 1970s were secured with screw posts or brass brad fasteners. In the 1990s, the era of fanzine standardization, the majority of media fanzines were comb bound, as fanzine editors could buy a comb binding machine and use it to bind entire series of fanzines. Perfect binding, a commercial [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding#Thermally_activated_binding bookbinding] technique, was initially very expensive and even today is not the commonly used method of binding fanzines.

'''Binding''' is the method in which the pages of a print [[fanzine]] are fastened together. The binding type is determined by the dimensions of the zine, as well as economic factors. Small [[digest-sized]] zines or booklets can be center stapled. Zines over 50 pages will require either spiral or comb binding. Early fanzines in the 1970s were secured with screw posts or brass brad fasteners. In the 1990s, the era of fanzine standardization, the majority of media fanzines were comb bound, as fanzine editors could buy a comb binding machine and use it to bind entire series of fanzines. Perfect binding, a commercial [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding#Thermally_activated_binding bookbinding] technique, was initially very expensive and even today is not the commonly used method of binding fanzines.

For more about the various types of fanzine [[binding]] methods, read [[Susan Garrett]]'s explanation [http://www.webcitation.org/5uxEjvkUc here].

For more about the various types of fanzine '''binding''' methods, read [[Susan Garrett]]'s explanation [http://www.webcitation.org/5uxEjvkUc here].

==Stapled==

==Stapled==

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

Image:SaddleStaple.jpg|a special stapler is needed to center staple a booklet zine

File:SaddleStaple.jpg|a special stapler is needed to center staple a booklet zine

Image:Captainslogunknown.jpg|example of a 'through' stapled zine ([[The Captain's Log (Australian newsletter)|The Captain's Log]])

File:Captainslogunknown.jpg|example of a 'through' stapled zine ([[The Captain's Log (Australian newsletter)|The Captain's Log]])

</gallery>

</gallery>

==Screw Posts & Brad Fasteners==

==Screw Posts & Brad Fasteners==

Screw posts (sometimes referred to as "bolts") were inserted into three hole punched paper. Publishers would use either two or three posts, depending on the stability they needed.  

Screw posts (sometimes referred to as "bolts") were inserted into three hole punched paper. Publishers would use either two or three posts, depending on the stability they needed.

Similar in functionality were brass brad fasteners that could be inserted into three hole punched paper and twisted back to hold the pages together. They are still used in binding screenplays.

Similar in functionality were brass brad fasteners that could be inserted into three hole punched paper and twisted back to hold the pages together. They are still used in binding screenplays.

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

Image:Brads.jpg|brass brads

File:Brads.jpg|brass brads

Image:Screwpost.jpg|screw posts

File:Screwpost.jpg|screw posts

Image:Spocksscribes.jpg|example in use ([[Nimoyan-Spock's Scribes]]), note the center brass brad is either missing or not in use

File:Spocksscribes.jpg|example in use ([[Nimoyan-Spock's Scribes]]), note the center brass brad is either missing or not in use

</gallery>

</gallery>

==Tape==

==Tape==

[[Image:Duet1.jpg|thumb|tape and staples ([[Duet (Star Trek: TOS zine)|Duet]])]]

[[File:Duet1.jpg|thumb|tape and staples ([[Duet (Star Trek: TOS zine)|Duet]])]]

Often combined with three industrial-sized staples. Over time, the tape could lose its adhesiveness and fall or peel off (see example to the right).

Often combined with three industrial-sized staples. Over time, the tape could lose its adhesiveness and fall or peel off (see example to the right).

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==Comb and Spiral Bound==

==Comb and Spiral Bound==

[[Image:Bindings 3 types gl cr.jpg|thumb|binding types, left to right: plastic comb, metal comb, spiral]]

[[File:Bindings 3 types gl cr.jpg|thumb|binding types, left to right: plastic comb, metal comb, spiral]]

*Comb bound. Comb binding can only be accomplished by using a comb binding machine that holds the comb 'open' and allows the pre-punched paper to be inserted. After insertion, the comb is released and snaps shut. While the individual comb binders were not expensive, the upfront cost of the comb binding machine (in the hundreds of dollars) often meant that only large scale fanzine publishers could afford to buy one. Many publishers needed to either borrow one or take their fanzines to printers or photocopying services and pay to have the fanzines bound.

* Comb bound. Comb binding can only be accomplished by using a comb binding machine that holds the comb 'open' and allows the pre-punched paper to be inserted. After insertion, the comb is released and snaps shut. While the individual comb binders were not expensive, the upfront cost of the comb binding machine (in the hundreds of dollars) often meant that only large scale fanzine publishers could afford to buy one. Many publishers needed to either borrow one or take their fanzines to printers or photocopying services and pay to have the fanzines bound.

<div style="float: right; clear: right">[[Image:Comb-Binding-Machine.jpg|thumb|comb-binding machine used today]]</div>

<div style="float: right; clear: right">[[File:Comb-Binding-Machine.jpg|thumb|comb-binding machine used today]]</div>

*Spiral bound. Spiral bound fanzines are made by 'rolling' and threading the coil the wires through pre-punched paper. The ends of the coils are then crimped to prevent the coils from slipping out as the pages are opened and closed. While this can be done manually it is a labor intensive process and, again, most fanzine publishers would either purchase a spiral binding machine or have it bound at a copy shop.

* Spiral bound. Spiral bound fanzines are made by 'rolling' and threading the coil the wires through pre-punched paper. The ends of the coils are then crimped to prevent the coils from slipping out as the pages are opened and closed. While this can be done manually it is a labor-intensive process and, again, most fanzine publishers would either purchase a spiral binding machine or have it bound at a copy shop.

Both spiral and comb bound fanzines required that the paper be pre-punched. Combs required 19 holes and spirals required 44 holes. You could either buy your paper pre-punched or punch it yourself. Some comb and spiral binding machines sold today allow small scale page punching by hand (5-10 pages at a time).

Both spiral and comb bound fanzines required that the paper be pre-punched. Combs required 19 holes and spirals required 44 holes. You could either buy your paper pre-punched or punch it yourself. Some comb and spiral binding machines sold today allow small scale page punching by hand (5-10 pages at a time).

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==Perfect Bound==

==Perfect Bound==

Very few fanzine publishers could afford the cost of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding#Thermally_activated_binding commercial paperback style] perfect binding. There was also the concern that the more professional a zine looked, the greater the risk of running afoul of copyright interests. Amateur press should, according to some copyright holders, look amateurish. Still, even in the 1980s, a few fanzines were released in the perfect bound format (ex: [[Dragon's Teeth]] (1986), [[The Weight Collected]] (1988) and [[Thousandworlds Collected]] (1983)) and the recent introduction of digital self-publication services has made the method more affordable and common.

Very few fanzine publishers could afford the cost of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookbinding#Thermally_activated_binding commercial paperback style] perfect binding. There was also the concern that the more professional a zine looked, the greater the risk of running afoul of copyright interests. Amateur press should, according to some copyright holders, look amateurish. Still, even in the 1980s, a few fanzines were released in the perfect bound format (ex: [[Dragon's Teeth]] (1986), [[The Weight Collected]] (1988) and [[Thousandworlds Collected]] (1983)) and the recent introduction of digital self-publication services has made the method more affordable and common.

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

<gallery widths=180 heights=220>

Image:Perfectbound 1980s.jpg|3 perfect bound zines from the 1980s

File:Perfectbound 1980s.jpg|3 perfect bound zines from the 1980s

Image:Perfectbound 2008.jpg|perfect bound 2nd edition of [[The Long Way Home]] (2008)

File:Perfectbound 2008.jpg|perfect bound 2nd edition of [[The Long Way Home]] (2008)

</gallery>

</gallery>

File:Endorpeltcover.jpg |[[Crossfire Zone]] #1 ([[Star Wars]], 1993, "authentic [[Ewok]] fur")

File:Endorpeltcover.jpg |[[Crossfire Zone]] #1 ([[Star Wars]], 1993, "authentic [[Ewok]] fur")

File:Crockdial6tape.jpg |[[Crockett-Dial]] #6 ([[Miami Vice]], 1996, includes pocket for an accompanying cassette tape)

File:Crockdial6tape.jpg |[[Crockett-Dial]] #6 ([[Miami Vice]], 1996, includes pocket for an accompanying cassette tape)

File:Classified.jpg |[[Classified (Professionals zine)|Classified]] ([[The Professionals]], 1998, a collaborative slash [[Epistolary Fic|novel written as a series of letters]]. Drawings and small pieces of art accompany   the text. The artists are: [[Suzan Lovett]], tash, and M. Guy.)

File:Classified.jpg |[[Classified (Professionals zine)|Classified]] ([[The Professionals]], 1998, a collaborative slash [[Epistolary Fic|novel written as a series of letters]]. Drawings and small pieces of art accompany the text. The artists are: [[Suzan Lovett]], tash, and M. Guy.)

</gallery>

</gallery>

A fan submitted some suggestions for binding looseleaf issues of a [[letterzine]] to [[S and H (Starsky and Hutch letterzine)|S and H]] #15, published in 1980.

A fan submitted some suggestions for binding looseleaf issues of a [[letterzine]] to [[S and H (Starsky and Hutch letterzine)|S and H]] #15, published in 1980.

<gallery heights=260px widths=180px>

<gallery heights=260px widths=180px>

Image:sandhbinding1.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

File:sandhbinding1.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

Image:sandhbinding2.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

File:sandhbinding2.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

Image:sandhbinding3.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

File:sandhbinding3.jpg|instructions for binding looseleaf letterzines

</gallery>

</gallery>

[[Category:Zine Fandom]]

[[Category:Zine Fandom]]